How to see the Perseid meteor shower from the UK as it peaks on Saturday night – with up to 100 shooting stars flying overhead every hour
- Perseids often dubbed the best of the year because of how bright and active it is
- Occurs when Earth ploughs through debris left by passing of Swift-Tuttle Comet
One of the most spectacular meteor showers of the year will reach its peak this weekend, with up to 100 shooting stars visible every hour.
Skywatchers across the UK will be among those able to enjoy the Perseid meteor shower, which takes place when the Earth ploughs through debris left behind by the Swift-Tuttle Comet during its trips through the inner solar system.
Also known as the ‘fiery tears of Saint Lawrence’, it will be visible both north and south of the equator, although those in mid-northern latitudes will be treated to the best views and see the most space rocks hurtling through the sky.
It will reach its peak on Saturday evening and into the early hours of Sunday, but the celestial sight should still be pretty spectacular into Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday next week.
Astronomers say the Perseids, like all meteor showers, are best viewed with the naked eye in areas with clear skies and low light pollution and smog with a wide view of the sky.
Look up! Skywatchers across the UK will be among those able to enjoy the Perseid meteor shower, which takes place when the Earth ploughs through debris left behind by the Swift-Tuttle Comet during its trips through the inner solar system
The Perseids (pictured), which peak in mid-August, are considered the best meteor shower of the year. The pieces of space debris that interact with our atmosphere to create the popular Perseids meteor shower originate from Swift-Tuttle
WHERE DO METEORS COME FROM?
Meteors come from leftover comet particles and bits from broken asteroids.
When comets come around the sun, they leave a dusty trail behind them.
Every year Earth passes through these debris trails, letting the bits collide with our atmosphere and disintegrate, creating fiery streaks in the sky.
Source: NASA
How can I watch the Perseids?
Firstly, check the weather forecast before you head out.
The quality of the display that we see during the peak of a meteor shower is determined by two factors: the weather and the moon.
Last year, the latter was a pain but because our lunar satellite will be at its last quarter phase on August 8 and a new moon on August 16, the peak of the 2023 Perseids will have no moonlight interference.
The weather, however, could be a problem depending on where you live in the UK.
Forecasters say much of central and eastern England will enjoy a relatively clear night on Saturday – making it prime meteor-spotting weather.
But for those in Wales, Scotland, the South West and a lot of northern England you might have to wait for a break in the cloud to get the best glimpse.
Once you have identified a night and a location where the cloud isn’t too bad, you then want to head to a dark spot away from stray light.
Find an area with a clear view of the horizon and away from trees and buildings.
Experts say binoculars and telescopes are not necessary because they will restrict the size of the sky that will be visible to you.
Forecasters say much of central and eastern England will enjoy a relatively clear night on Saturday – making it prime meteor-spotting weather. But for those in Wales, Scotland, the South West and a lot of northern England you might have to wait for a break in the cloud
However, if you have a telescope, pointing it northeast towards Perseus constellation will reveal shorter meteors that are easier to line up with the radiant, while the longest trails are visible at 90° to the radiant.
The best time to see anything in the night sky is when the sky is darkest and when the target is at its highest position in the sky.
For meteor showers, this usually occurs between midnight and the very early hours of the morning.
How many shooting stars per hour will there be?
The quality of the show from a meteor shower depends on a number of factors and can vary dramatically year-by-year, according to NASA, with light pollution having a major impact.
WHAT IS THE SWIFT-TUTTLE COMET?
The pieces of space debris that interact with our atmosphere to create the popular Perseids meteor shower originate from Swift-Tuttle.
This annual meteor shower takes place each August, and peaks mid-month.
It was Giovanni Schiaparelli who realised in 1865 that this comet was the source of the Perseids.
Comet Swift-Tuttle was discovered in 1862 independently by both Lewis Swift and Horace Tuttle.
Swift-Tuttle is a large comet – its nucleus is 16 miles (26 kilometers) across – and it last passed near Earth in 1992.
Source: NASA
Bill Cooke from the US space agency said the Perseids have a theoretical maximum of 100 per hour, but in reality many people will see far fewer.
‘In the 1980s, meteor researchers were searching for a way to compare the meteor shower rates observed by various individuals and groups across the globe,’ he said.
The rate published each year, in this case 100 per hour, known as the Zenithal Hourly Rate, is based on what the perfect observer would see under perfect skies if it was straight ahead. That never happens, said Cooke.
Conditions in the area, such as light pollution levels, cloud cover and the position of the radiant of the shower, all play a part in the true number visible per hour.
Which countries get the best view?
The event is best for viewing in the Northern Hemisphere, according to Dr Robert Massey, of the Royal Astronomical Society.
‘The radiant for the Perseids – the point in the sky the meteors appear to come from – is in Perseus, and high in the Northern Hemisphere of the sky,’ he said.
‘It’s 58 degrees north of the celestial equator, which means it would be overhead from 58 degrees north (the latitude of places like Ullapool in Scotland).
‘This also means the radiant never rises for places south of 32 degrees south, so the southernmost parts of Australia, and much of Argentina and Chile.
‘The upshot is that the Northern Hemisphere has the best potential view, as the radiant is higher in the sky and visible for longer, so in theory more meteors are visible.
Known as the ‘fiery tears of Saint Lawrence’, the celestial event takes place when the Earth ploughs through galactic debris left by the passing of the Swift-Tuttle Comet
‘As you move further south the number declines, and south of 32 degrees south essentially none are seen.’
The good news for US skywatchers is that according to astronomers, two of the best spots to see the Perseids this year will be along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the United States.
How fast are the meteors travelling?
A typical Perseid meteoroid moves at 133,200 mph (214,365 kph) when it hits Earth’s atmosphere.
At this point it becomes a meteor. If it were to hit the ground it would be termed a meteorite, but almost none of the Perseid fragments do this because they are the size of a grain of sand.
Most of the fragments are visible when they are about 60 miles (97 kilometers) from the Earth’s surface.
When will the next meteor shower be?
The next major meteor shower will be the Draconids in October, although it tends to be a less active shower than the Perseids.
WHY DO METEORS MAKE A SOUND?
Meteors are fragments of space rock that enter the Earth’s atmosphere and burn up as a result of the friction created when they pass through, appearing as bright streaks of light in the sky.
As well as light, this friction also creates sound, with some meteors creating a ‘sonic boom’ as they break the sound barrier, in a similar way to a fast-moving aircraft.
Since meteors can be over a hundred kilometres in altitude, and their sound waves travel much slower than the light they generate, the sonic boom is often not heard until many minutes after the flash is seen.
The boom will also only be loud enough to hear from Earth if the meteor is particularly large, enters the stratosphere below an altitude of about 30 miles (50 km) and explodes as a bolide, or fireball.
As well as the boom, some stargazers claim to have heard hissing and buzzing sounds at the same time as a meteor is seen.
This is because meteors also give off very low frequency radio waves, which travel at the speed of light.
These are inaudible, but can cause physical objects on the Earth’s surface to vibrate and produce a sound, which our ears may interpret as hissing.
Sometimes, stargazers are able to hear a meteor as it creates a ‘sonic boom’, in a similar way that a fast-moving aircraft does (stock image)
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